blood tests

🦓 Day 5: Cushing’s Awareness Challenge

MaryO Cushing's Awareness Challenge , , , , , , , ,

 

The above is the official Cushing’s path to a diagnosis but here’s how it seems to be in real life:

Egads!  I remember the naive, simple days when I thought I’d give them a tube or two of blood and they’d tell me I had Cushing’s for sure.

Who knew that diagnosing Cushing’s would be years of testing, weeks of collecting every drop of urine, countless blood tests, many CT and MRI scans…

Then going to NIH, repeating all the above over 6 weeks inpatient plus an IPSS test, an apheresis (this was experimental at NIH) and speciality blood tests…

The path to a Cushing’s diagnosis is a long and arduous one but you have to stick with it if you believe you have this Syndrome.

 

 

ℹ️ Basics: Testing: Dex Tests

MaryO Basic Info , , , ,

Dexamethasone suppression test measures whether adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) secretion by the pituitary can be suppressed.

How the Test is Performed

During this test, you will receive dexamethasone. This is a strong man-made (synthetic) glucocorticoid medicine. Afterward, your blood is drawn so that the cortisol level in your blood can be measured.

There are two different types of dexamethasone suppression tests: low dose and high dose. Each type can either be done in an overnight (common) or standard (3-day) method (rare). There are different processes that may be used for either test. Examples of these are described below.

Common:

  • Low-dose overnight — You will get 1 milligram (mg) of dexamethasone at 11 p.m., and a health care provider will draw your blood the next morning at 8 a.m. for a cortisol measurement.
  • High-dose overnight — The provider will measure your cortisol on the morning of the test. Then you will receive 8 mg of dexamethasone at 11 p.m. Your blood is drawn the next morning at 8 a.m. for a cortisol measurement.

Rare:

  • Standard low-dose — Urine is collected over 3 days (stored in 24-hour collection containers) to measure cortisol. On day 2, you will get a low dose (0.5 mg) of dexamethasone by mouth every 6 hours for 48 hours.
  • Standard high-dose — Urine is collected over 3 days (stored in 24-hour collection containers) for measurement of cortisol. On day 2, you will receive a high dose (2 mg) of dexamethasone by mouth every 6 hours for 48 hours.

Read and follow the instructions carefully. The most common cause of an abnormal test result is when instructions are not followed.

How to Prepare for the Test

The provider may tell you to stop taking certain medicines that can affect the test, including:

  • Antibiotics
  • Anti-seizure drugs
  • Medicines that contain corticosteroids, such as hydrocortisone, prednisone
  • Estrogen
  • Oral birth control (contraceptives)
  • Water pills (diuretics)

How the Test will Feel

When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain. Others feel only a prick or stinging. Afterward, there may be some throbbing or slight bruising. This soon goes away.

Why the Test is Performed

This test is done when the provider suspects that your body is producing too much cortisol. It is done to help diagnose Cushing syndrome and identify the cause.

The low-dose test can help tell whether your body is producing too much ACTH. The high-dose test can help determine whether the problem is in the pituitary gland (Cushing disease) or from a different site in the body (ectopic).

Dexamethasone is a man-made (synthetic) steroid that binds to the same receptor as cortisol. Dexamethasone reduces ACTH release in normal people. Therefore, taking dexamethasone should reduce ACTH level and lead to a decreased cortisol level.

If your pituitary gland produces too much ACTH, you will have an abnormal response to the low-dose test. But you can have a normal response to the high-dose test.

Normal Results

Cortisol level should decrease after you receive dexamethasone.

Low dose:

  • Overnight — 8 a.m. plasma cortisol lower than 1.8 micrograms per deciliter (mcg/dL) or 50 nanomoles per liter (nmol/L)
  • Standard — Urinary free cortisol on day 3 lower than 10 micrograms per day (mcg/day) or 280 nmol/L

High dose:

  • Overnight — greater than 50% reduction in plasma cortisol
  • Standard — greater than 90% reduction in urinary free cortisol

Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or may test different specimens. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results.

What Abnormal Results Mean

An abnormal response to the low-dose test may mean that you have abnormal release of cortisol (Cushing syndrome). This could be due to:

The high-dose test can help tell a pituitary cause (Cushing disease) from other causes. An ACTH blood test may also help identify the cause of high cortisol.

Abnormal results vary based on the condition causing the problem.

Cushing syndrome caused by an adrenal tumor:

  • Low-dose test — no decrease in blood cortisol
  • ACTH level — low
  • In most cases, the high-dose test is not needed

Ectopic Cushing syndrome:

  • Low-dose test — no decrease in blood cortisol
  • ACTH level — high
  • High-dose test — no decrease in blood cortisol

Cushing syndrome caused by a pituitary tumor (Cushing disease)

  • Low-dose test — no decrease in blood cortisol
  • High-dose test — expected decrease in blood cortisol

False test results can occur due to many reasons, including different medicines, obesity, depression, and stress. False results are more common in women than men.

Most often, the dexamethasone level in the blood is measured in the morning along with the cortisol level. For the test result to be considered accurate, the dexamethasone level should be higher than 200 nanograms per deciliter (ng/dL) or 4.5 nanomoles per liter (nmol/L). Dexamethasone levels that are lower can cause a false-positive test result.

Risks

There is little risk involved with having your blood taken. Veins and arteries vary in size from one patient to another, and from one side of the body to the other. Taking blood from some people may be more difficult than from others.

Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight, but may include:

  • Excessive bleeding
  • Fainting or feeling lightheaded
  • Multiple punctures to locate veins
  • Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)
  • Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)

Alternative Names

DST; ACTH suppression test; Cortisol suppression test

References

Chernecky CC, Berger BJ. Dexamethasone suppression test – diagnostic. In: Chernecky CC, Berger BJ, eds. Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Procedures. 6th ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders; 2013:437-438.

Guber HA, Oprea M, Russell YX. Evaluation of endocrine function. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry’s Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 24th ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2022:chap 25.

Newell-Price JDC, Auchus RJ. The adrenal cortex. In: Melmed S, Auchus RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, eds. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 14th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 15.

Review Date 5/13/2021

Updated by: Brent Wisse, MD, Board Certified in Metabolism/Endocrinology, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

From https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003694.htm

😳 A *Bit* Misleading

MaryO What do you think? , , , , , , , , , ,

Headline: “‘I gained 10st due to a rare condition – I lost it again by doing a simple daily exercise’
Hannah Mai, 37, managed to lose the weight in two years by doing a simple daily exercise”

She did lose the weight but, reading the article, also “Following her diagnosis, Hannah underwent brain surgery in February 2021 to remove the pituitary tumour causing her condition and was prescribed steroids to manage it.”

Just a bit of a misleading header.

Here’s the whole article.  And it was a bit more than a “simple daily exercise” and removing a pituitary tumor!

A woman who piled on 10 stone due to a rare condition has shed the weight in just two years, thanks to a daily exercise routine.

Hannah Mai, 37, was diagnosed with Cushing’s disease, a hormonal disorder caused by high cortisol levels, in October 2020 after gaining 10 stone in just two and a half years.

Following her diagnosis, Hannah underwent brain surgery in February 2021 to remove the pituitary tumour causing her condition and was prescribed steroids to manage it.

In April, 2023, Hannah was taken off her steroid medication and was determined to shed the 10 stone she gained due to the disease – who weighed 20 stone 5lbs and was a size 26.

Through a combination of high-protein meals and daily pilates sessions, Hannah impressively slimmed down to 10 stone 4lbs, fitting into a size 10, all within two years.

Hannah, from Coventry, Warwickshire, said: “Once I started losing the weight, I just kept going.

“It isn’t easy, you really have to push yourself, and focus on who you want to be and think about who you want to be.”

When she turned 30, Hannah noticed she started gaining weight and went from nine stone to 16 stone in a few months. She revealed that despite frequent doctor visits, she was constantly asked if she was expecting or if her weight gain was due to hormonal changes.

Hannah shared: “I was always around nine stone, but I noticed how I started to gain a bit of weight. I knew there was something wrong with me, but people around me thought I had changed my diet and asked if I was eating more.

“I was asked if I was pregnant six times, and told that my weight gain could be caused by hormones. I went up to 20 stone at my heaviest.”

In October 2020, over two years since her weight began to increase, Hannah woke up one day with a hunched back.

After a quick Google search suggested Cushing’s disease as a possible cause, and noticing the other symptoms including weight gain, she immediately sought medical advice.

She was referred to University Hospital Coventry & Warwickshire, where an MRI scan and blood tests confirmed she had Cushing’s disease.

Hannah added: “I printed off the list of symptoms and took them to my doctor, who then referred me to the hospital.

“There, I had an MRI scan and blood tests, which confirmed that I had Cushing’s disease.

“I was relieved but scared when I got the diagnosis. I had been saying for years that there was something wrong with me.”

Five months post-diagnosis, in February 2021, Hannah underwent brain surgery to remove the pituitary tumour causing the condition, and was put on steroids to manage her symptoms.

After battling with her health and spending two years on steroids to manage her condition, Hannah came off the medication as her health improved.

After she came off her medication, Hannah said she knew she was better and became determined to lose weight.

She said: “It wasn’t easy to lose weight whilst I was still on steroids, as soon as I came off them, I knew this was my body and I was a lot better.

“I really pushed myself, I worked super hard, cut out all sugar, cut out dairy, and gluten after I was diagnosed with celiac disease.

“I have a low-carb, high-protein diet with lots of vegetables, and I do pilates every day.”

Her commitment paid off as she impressively slimmed down from 20 stone to 10 stone within two years. She went from wearing a size 26 clothes to wearing a size 10 – back to where she was before Cushing’s disease.

Hannah said: “I am super proud of myself, I am always worried that the weight will come back.

“I feel so much happier. When I look back at myself, I just can’t believe I was that size.

“When I look back at old photos, I feel very sad about what happened to me, but it makes me think that I need to be proud about how far I have come.”

Adapted from https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/health/i-gained-10st-due-rare-35432462

❓Can You Help? Very Few Symptoms

MaryO Can You Help?, What do you think? , , , , , , , , ,

A guest on the Cushing’s Help message boards asked:

I’ve been searching every possible alternative explanation. I really hoped I just had a Lipoma but GP was pretty confident no.

I’ve gained about 40lbs in the past year, I bruise easily and I have a Buffalo Hump. Cycle is regular, my mood is good, well ya know pandemic, home schooling, owning a business … Lol I don’t think I’m suffering any unusual stress or anxiety though. I am anxious over the time it’s taking to get any info.

I had blood drawn and an upcoming sono, date TBD, but don’t see my GP for 5 wks!

Can I get blood results over ph and skip right to Endocrinologist if Cortisol is high? Any input of speeding this along?

Anyone else with only a few symptoms?

Thanks!

 

Can you help Ellie out?  Please respond here or on the Message boards.

Thanks!

What Do *You* Think? Only One Urine Test for Cushing’s?

MaryO What do you think? , , , , , , ,

I sure had way more than one urine test, and lots of blood and more but that was a long time ago.  What are your thoughts on this?

Warning sign: Being very overweight can be a sign of Cushing’s syndrome, a hormonal disorder that is often caused by tumors of the pituitary gland. Image:

Being very overweight, having a moon face and a bull neck are signs of Cushing’s syndrome. It is caused by an excess of the hormone cortisol. Researchers from Giessen and Munich have taken advantage of this to make diagnosis easier.

A special form of obesity, Cushing’s syndrome, is now easier to diagnose. Researchers at the University of Giessen and the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich have shown that this metabolic disease can be detected using a urine test.

Typically, people with Cushing’s syndrome are very overweight, have a noticeably round face and a bull neck. This is caused by an excess of the stress hormone cortisol, which belongs to the steroid group. The researchers examined urine from Cushing’s patients at the Munich University Hospital using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. This made it possible to determine the hormone status that is characteristic of the disease. The urine test is simple and provides quick results. So far, several blood samples and sometimes even a hospital stay have been necessary to detect the syndrome.

From https://www.breakinglatest.news/health/cushings-syndrome-can-be-detected-with-a-urine-test/

🦓 Day 6: Cushing’s Awareness Challenge 2022

MaryO Cushing's Awareness Challenge, Cushing's Awareness Challenge , , , , , , , , ,

 

The above is the official Cushing’s path to a diagnosis but here’s how it seems to be in real life:

 

Egads!  I remember the naive, simple days when I thought I’d give them a tube or two of blood and they’d tell me I had Cushing’s for sure.

Who knew that diagnosing Cushing’s would be years of testing, weeks of collecting every drop of urine, countless blood tests, many CT and MRI scans…

Then going to NIH, repeating all the above over 6 weeks inpatient plus an IPSS test, apheresis (this was experimental at NIH) and specialty blood tests…

The path to a Cushing’s diagnosis is a long and arduous one but you have to stick with it if you believe you have this Syndrome.

 

 

 

 

🦓 Day 6: Cushing’s Awareness Challenge 2020

MaryO Cushing's Awareness Challenge , , , , , , , ,

 

The above is the official Cushing’s path to a diagnosis but here’s how it seems to be in real life:

 

Egads!  I remember the naive, simple days when I thought I’d give them a tube or two of blood and they’d tell me I had Cushing’s for sure.

Who knew that diagnosing Cushing’s would be years of testing, weeks of collecting every drop of urine, countless blood tests, many CT and MRI scans…

Then going to NIH, repeating all the above over 6 weeks inpatient plus an IPSS test, apheresis (this was experimental at NIH) and specialty blood tests…

The path to a Cushing’s diagnosis is a long and arduous one but you have to stick with it if you believe you have this Syndrome.

🦓 Day 10: Cushing’s Awareness Challenge 2019

MaryO Cushing's Awareness Challenge , , , , , , , ,

The above is the official Cushing’s path to a diagnosis but here’s how it seems to be in real life:

Egads!  I remember the naive, simple days when I thought I’d give them a tube or two of blood and they’d tell me I had Cushing’s for sure.

Who knew that diagnosing Cushing’s would be years of testing, weeks of collecting every drop of urine, countless blood tests, many CT and MRI scans…

Then going to NIH, repeating all the above over 6 weeks inpatient plus an IPSS test, an apheresis (this was experimental at NIH) and specialty blood tests…

The path to a Cushing’s diagnosis is a long and arduous one but you have to stick with it if you believe you have this Syndrome.

 

🦓 Day 9: Cushing’s Awareness Challenge 2018

MaryO Cushing's Awareness Challenge , , , , , , , ,

The above is the official Cushing’s path to a diagnosis but here’s how it seems to be in real life:

Egads!  I remember the naive, simple days when I thought I’d give them a tube or two of blood and they’d tell me I had Cushing’s for sure.

Who knew that diagnosing Cushing’s would be years of testing, weeks of collecting every drop of urine, countless blood tests, many CT and MRI scans…

Then going to NIH, repeating all the above over 6 weeks inpatient plus an IPSS test, an apheresis (this was experimental at NIH) and specialty blood tests…

The path to a Cushing’s diagnosis is a long and arduous one but you have to stick with it if you believe you have this Syndrome.